The types of single phase induction motors are often classified by the names of the starting method used. Like Capacitor start Induction run motor (CSIR), Capacitor start capacitor run induction motor(CSCR), Permanent-split capacitor motor.
A standard single-phase stator has two windings placed at an angle of 90° to each other. One of these windings is known as the main winding, while the other is called the auxiliary winding or starting winding.
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Depending on the number of poles, each winding may be distributed across several sub coils. Shown here is an example of a two-pole, single-phase winding with four sub coils in the main winding and two sub coils in the auxiliary winding.
It should be remembered that designing a single-phase motor will always be a matter of compromise.
The design of any given motor depends on what is most important for operation. This means that all motors are designed according to the relative importance of e .g. efficiency, torque, duty cycle, etc.
Types of single phase induction motors
- Capacitor Start Induction Run (CSIR)
- Capacitor Start Capacitor Run Induction Motor (CSCR)
- Permanent Split Capacitor Induction Motor (PSC).
Capacitor Start Induction Run IM (CSIR)
Also known as CSIR (Capacitor start/Induction run) motors, this is the largest group of single-phase motors. CSIR motors are available in sizes ranging from fractional to 1 .1 kW.
Capacitor start motors feature a special capacitor in a series with the starting winding. The capacitor causes a slight delay between the current in the starting winding and main winding.
This causes a delay of the magnetization of the starting winding, which results in a rotating field effectively in producing torque.
As the motor gains speed and approaches running speed, the starting switch opens. The motor will then run in the normal induction motor mode. The starting switch can be a centrifugal or electronic switch.
Applications of Capacitor start Induction run
Capacitor start/Induction run type motors have a relatively high starting torque, between 50 to 250 percent of the full-load torque.
This makes them a good single-phase motor choice for loads that are difficult to start, e .g . for conveyors, air compressors, and refrigeration compressors.
Capacitor Start and Capacitor Run Induction Motor (CSCR)
Known as a CSCR motor for short, this type of motor combines the best features of the Capacitor start/Induction run the motor and the permanent-split capacitor motor.
Even though their construction makes them somewhat more expensive than other single-phase motor types, they are the perfect choice for demanding applications.
A Capacitor start capacitor run type 1 phase induction motor has a start-type capacitor in series with the starting winding, just like the capacitor-start motor.
This provides high starting torque. Capacitor start capacitor run motors also resemble Permanent-split capacitor (PSC) motors in so far as they have a run type capacitor which is in series with the starting winding once the start capacitor is switched out of the circuit.
This means that the motor can handle a high breakdown or overload torque. CSCR motors can be designed for lower full-load currents and higher efficiency.
One of the advantages of this feature is that it allows the motor to operate at smaller temperature rises than other, similar single-phase motors.
Application Of Capacitor start and Capacitor run induction motor
Capacitor start capacitor run motors are the most powerful single-phase motors and can be used for quite demanding applications, e .g. high-pressure water pumps and vacuum pumps and other high-torque applications which require 1 .1 to 11 kW.
Permanent split capacitor Induction Motors (PSC)
As the name suggests, permanent split capacitor types of single phase induction motor (PSC) have a run-type capacitor which is left permanently in series with the starting winding during operation.
This is to say that they do not have a starting switch or a capacitor which is used only for starting. Thus, the starting winding becomes an auxiliary winding when the motor is up to running speed.
The design of PSC motors means that they cannot provide the same initial boost as motors with separate capacitors.
Their starting torques are quite low, between 30 to 90% of rated load, so they cannot be used for applications which are hard to start.
This is offset by their low starting currents – usually less than 200% of rated load current – which makes them the perfect choice for applications with high cycle rates.
Permanent-split capacitor motors offer many benefits. Their running performance and speed can be tailored to meet specific needs, and they can be designed for optimum efficiency and high power factor at rated load.
As they need no starting mechanism, they can be reversed easily. Finally, they are the most reliable single-phase motors available.
Applications of Permanent split capacitor induction motors
Permanent-split capacitor motors can be used for many different applications, depending on their design. Low-inertia loads such as fans and pumps would be a common example.
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